POST-CONCUSSION SYNDROME AS A CHALLENGE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DURING WARTIME: A THEORETICAL REVIEW

Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d . This article presents a theoretical review of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in military personnel, a condition increasingly encountered due to the nature of modern combat operations. The use of various types of enemy weapons – artillery, FPV drones, guided aerial bombs, rocket artillery, heavy armoured vehicles, and other systems – has led to a significant number of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), which constitute approximately 33 % of all reported combat injuries. PCS has a profound impact on a service member's combat performance, including decisionmaking, stress response, attention, and overall operational functionality, substantially reducing both quality of life and professional effectiveness. Inadequate diagnosis – especially in early stages and field conditions – along with the lack of psychological recovery and rehabilitation, may lead to reduced combat effectiveness of entire units within the Armed Forces of Ukraine. This is particularly critical for those service members who continue to perform operational tasks despite previous head trauma – currently the majority. These challenges highlight the urgent need for developing simple field screening tools, training for commanders, medics, and psychologists in visual assessment of PCS symptoms, and improving recovery and rehabilitation protocols.

M e t h o d s . The study employs theoretical research methods including analysis, synthesis, generalisation, comparison, and systematisation. The reviewed literature includes contemporary works by both Ukrainian and international authors relevant to current military and clinical practice.

R e s u l t s . The review identified key characteristics of PCS: 1) PCS is a consequence of organic brain injury, and while psychological interventions are helpful, medical treatment remains primary; 2) symptoms typically emerge weeks or even months post-injury; 3) PCS includes not only neurological and somatic symptoms but also psychological manifestations, thus justifying the involvement of psychologists in the rehabilitation process; 4) early detection is crucial, as untreated cognitive, emotional-behavioural and physical symptoms can rapidly deteriorate, become chronic, and contribute to or exacerbate other psychological conditions.

C o n c l u s i o n s . Analysis of the literature reveals that PCS symptoms among combatants are complex and often include affective, cognitive, somatoform, and PTSD-like features – affecting approximately 40 % of respondents. These symptoms rarely resolve spontaneously, frequently become prolonged or chronic, and require specialised diagnostics and sustained psychological support.