Geospatial data in humanitarian territory clearance: significance, classification and possible application at different stages

Abstract

Background. Information is vital for effective management of mine action programmes (MAPs). Data collection is lengthy and responsible stage. The established practice of preparing information by modern specialists indicates an approximate ratio of 80 % of time spent on collecting and coordinating data and only 20 % on analysing it. Completeness and accuracy of data will increase the success of MAPs, as its planning and implementation will be based on facts. There is limited amount of literature on data collection for field MAPs operations, with some recommendations provided in the IMAS 05.10 International Standards. The trend in recent years has been towards the increased use of new integrated approaches to information management and data collection, as well as more sophisticated detection and remote sensing (RS) systems. Geospatial data, geographic information systems (GIS), and even geospatial data infrastructure (GDI) geoportals are usually associated with the ability to obtain and view electronic maps. The key purpose and meaning of the effective use of geospatial data and GIS lies in the ability to model the territory, taking into account the interaction of objects and phenomena in the space-time dimension. Thus, the MAPs sector is acquiring more technological solutions to avoid risks when clearing land mines in difficult terrain conditions.
Methods. Preparation of analytical data is the first stage of the MAPs research process, which forms the basis for a detailed analysis of explosive objects (EOs) in accordance with existing records of mine and explosive obstacles and with the help of other information related to their location in a certain way. Analytical work involves a series of sequential procedures for studying data and cases, analysing, comparing, systematising and gradually integrating them into a comprehensive reconstruction of the mine contamination of the territory. The study is based on the analysis of regulatory documents, systematization of sources, and comparison of their application at the stages of MAPs.
Results. The classification of geospatial data sources is presented. The peculiarities of their use at different stages of humanitarian demining of territories are revealed. The advantages and disadvantages of each data type are identified. Regulatory support and recommendations for collecting geospatial data in humanitarian demining of territories are analysed.
Conclusions. Geospatial data is fundamental to humanitarian demining and provides the basis for GIS analysis and modelling: from initial survey and risk assessment to operational planning, clearance and post-action impact analysis. Such data enables organisations to accurately map, prioritise and effectively manage hazardous demining work.